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Background In perfused hearts, high calcium-induced inotropy results in less developed pressure relative to myocardial oxygen consumption compared to the β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine. Calcium handling is an important…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
A new humidifier for use during mechanical ventilation in endotracheally intubated patients is described and tested. The humidifier is based on a heat-moisture exchanger, which absorbs the expired heat and moisture and…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Ribose 2'-O-methylation, the most common nucleotide modification in mammalian rRNA, is directed by the C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Thus far, more than fifty putative human rRNA methylation guide…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Alterations in arginine vasopressin regulation and secretion have been proposed as one possible biochemical abnormality in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In golden hamsters, arginine vasopressin…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background: That thrombocytopenia results in increased mortality or transfusion requirements has not been confirmed by previous studies. We performed a case-control study in which 36 patients who developed severe…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) requires divalent cations, like Ca2+ and Mg2+. In spite of considerable work, it is not clear whether divalent cations…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Great advances have been made in describing the intracellular pathways and genes that are activated by bacterial products. New definitions and therapies for sepsis will be based on such cellular and genetic alterations.…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
The recent Cochrane report on albumin administration is analysed and criticised on the grounds of clinical methodology, content and interpretation. Although it is naïve and illogical to treat hypoalbuminaemia with…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) is a widely used paradigm to study cooperation in evolutionary biology, as well as in fields as diverse as moral philosophy, sociology, economics and politics. Players are…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
The fair innings argument (FIA) is frequently put forward as a justification for denying elderly patients treatment when they are in competition with younger patients and resources are scarce. In this paper I will…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder. The management of ADHD has recently been highlighted. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) and…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
RNAi can be achieved by feeding worms Escherichia coli expressing dousble-stranded RNA corresponding to a specific gene. An optimized feeding method is presented that results in phenotypes at least as strong as those…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Increased BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation rates have been reported in Ashkenazi Jewish women in North America, Europe and Israel, and have been mentioned as possibly related to a higher incidence of breast…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The metallo-β-lactamases are Zn(II)-containing enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam bond in penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems and are involved in bacterial antibiotic resistance. There are at least…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Tetracycline-regulated systems have been used to control the expression of heterologous genes in such diverse organisms as yeast, plants, flies and mice. Adaptation of this prokaryotic regulatory system…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Anaemia is a common manifestation of paediatric HIV infection. Although there are many causes, anaemia of chronic diseases is the most frequent type. In poor countries iron deficiency is widespread. It is…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common and serious breathing problem that is caused by effects of sleep on pharyngeal muscle tone in individuals with narrow upper airways. There has been increasing focus on delineating…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Despite decades of resuscitating patients with intravenous fluids in intensive care units, it is somewhat surprising that very little consensus exists regarding the type of fluid physicians should choose. Factors that…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Modern drug discovery is concerned with identification and validation of novel protein targets from among the 30,000 genes or more postulated to be present in the human genome. While protein-protein…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Transmission of hepatitis C vims (HCV) is strongly associated with use of contaminated blood products and injection drugs. Other "non-parental" modes of transmission including sexual activity have been…
Updated Oct 29, 2026